For non-fatal cases, which specimens are collected?

• A. Blood and Urine
• B. Only Blood
• C. Only Urine
• D. Blood, Urine, and Bile

Answer: (A)

In non-fatal cases, the goal is to get information that reflects recent exposure and current physiological status without unnecessary invasiveness. Blood shows present circulating levels of substances and can reveal acute toxicity or organ function, while urine reveals metabolites and excreted substances over a longer window, increasing the chance of detecting exposures. Together, they provide a practical, comprehensive snapshot of what occurred and its recent impact. Bile collection is invasive and not routinely needed in living patients; it’s typically reserved for specific hepatic investigations or postmortem analysis. So the standard and most informative approach is to collect blood and urine.